Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s data and demands payment, usually in cryptocurrency, to restore access. Cybercriminals use phishing emails, malicious downloads, or software vulnerabilities to deploy ransomware. Once activated, it locks files and displays a ransom note with instructions for payment. Some ransomware variants threaten to leak stolen data if the ransom is unpaid. High-profile attacks target businesses, hospitals, and government agencies. Prevention strategies include regular data backups, using strong security software, and educating users about safe online practices. Organizations also implement network segmentation and endpoint protection to mitigate ransomware threats.
Worms
Worms are self-replicating malware programs that spread across networks without human intervention. Unlike viruses, worms do not require a host file and can propagate independently by exploiting security vulnerabilities. Once inside a system, worms can steal data, create backdoors, or cause system crashes. Some famous worms, like WannaCry and Mydoom, have caused widespread damage. They often spread through email attachments, malicious websites, or unsecured network connections. Preventing worm infections requires keeping operating systems and software updated, using firewalls, and employing intrusion detection systems. Organizations also enforce network security measures to limit worm propagation and minimize damage.
Keyloggers
Keyloggers are malicious programs or hardware devices that record keystrokes to capture sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, or messages. Cybercriminals use keyloggers to steal credentials and gain unauthorized access to personal and corporate accounts. Some keyloggers are embedded in malware, while others are installed physically on a device. They can be distributed through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or infected USB drives. Detecting keyloggers can be challenging since they operate in the background. Users can protect themselves by using anti-keylogger software, enabling two-factor authentication, and regularly scanning their devices for suspicious activities to prevent data theft.
Trojan
A Trojan, or Trojan horse, is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into installing it. Unlike worms, Trojans do not replicate themselves but create backdoors for attackers to steal data, spy on users, or install additional malware. Trojans are often spread through email attachments, malicious websites, or pirated software. Some variants, like banking Trojans, target financial credentials, while others enable remote control over infected systems. To prevent Trojan infections, users should download software only from trusted sources, avoid clicking on unknown links, and use updated security solutions to detect and remove threats.